摘 要

随着经济的发展，地铁的建设需求也越来越多，作为地铁的配套设施的地下车站也显得日益重要，而地铁车站主要建在高楼林立的商业区和建筑密度大的居民区中，因为这类工程的施工场地狭小，周边建筑较多且密集，所以不仅要保证基坑在施工的过程中的自身安全，还要考虑到基坑开挖施工对临近建筑物的影响，为了研究地下车站开挖会对原有的临近建筑结构产生的影响，在文中通过数值分析模拟法来建立模型，对整体模型进行分析得出以下结论：

1. 根据模型建立的分析结果来看，根据建筑物的沉降量可以看出距离基坑5m左右的距离时基坑的沉降量最大。当建筑物的基础离基坑5m-20m时，建筑物的沉降量受到基坑开挖的影响开始慢慢减小，当建筑物的基础离基坑20m以后，建筑物的沉降量就会明显不怎么受到基坑开挖的影响。
2. 临近建筑物的沉降不是随着基坑的深度的增大而一直增大，在一定深度以内，周边建筑物的沉降量随着基坑的距离成反关系，基坑越近，周边建筑物的沉降量越大，离基坑越远，周边建筑物的沉降量越小。
3. 随着钢筋混凝土地下连续墙形变会对基坑底部的土体产生水平位移，使得基坑底部的土体出现向上隆起的现象，所以可以加大地下连续墙的厚度或者是刚度，限制地下连续墙的形变，除此之外，可以从限制基坑的水平位移和形变这个方面着手，比如采取加固基坑底部土体来有效的减少基坑形变的方法或者在基坑和建筑物之间设立挡土墙来切断基坑和建筑物基础之间影响的传播路径。
4. 分步施工能够减少对临近建筑物的影响，不过，分步施工影响较大的是地下连续墙的水平位移，其余的影响较小，可以忽略不计，分步施工最重要的是将基坑土体扰动减到最小，最好的做法就是勤开挖，多支护，除此之外，离基坑的距离是影响建筑物的主要因素，具备地质条件的话，基坑开挖要尽量的避免太过靠近建筑物。

关键词：增层开挖；基础沉降；结构内力；结构变形；支护结构

The influence of excavation of underground station on adjacent building structure

ABSTRACT

Along with the development of the economy, the demand of subway construction is also more and more, as the subway facilities underground station also is increasingly important, and the subway station is mainly built on high-rise commercial and construction in the dense residential areas, because this kind of engineering construction site is narrow, the surrounding buildings and more intense, so we should not only ensure the safety of foundation pit in the process of the construction of their own, do we have to consider the influence on adjacent buildings, excavation of underground station in order to understand the excavation to the impact of the approach of the original building structure, in this paper I by numerical simulation method to establish model, The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis of the overall model

(1) according to the analysis results of the model establishment, according to the settlement amount of the building, the settlement amount of the foundation pit is the largest when it is about 5m away from the foundation pit. When the foundation of the building is 5m-20m away from the foundation pit, the settlement of the building is gradually reduced by the influence of the foundation pit excavation. When the foundation of the building is 20m away from the foundation pit, the settlement of the building will be significantly less affected by the influence of the foundation pit excavation.

(2) the settlement of adjacent buildings does not always increase with the increase of foundation pit depth. Within a certain depth, the settlement of surrounding buildings is inversely related to the distance of foundation pit. The closer the foundation pit is, the greater the settlement of surrounding buildings will be; the farther the foundation pit is, the smaller the settlement of surrounding buildings will be.

(3) as the underground continuous wall deformation of reinforced concrete foundation pit at the bottom of the soil horizontal displacement, make the foundation pit at the bottom of the soil, the phenomenon of the swell up, so can increase the thickness of underground continuous wall or stiffness, limit deformation of underground continuous wall, in addition to this, can from the aspects of limitation to the horizontal displacement and deformation of the foundation pit, such as strengthening foundation pit at the bottom of the soil to take effective ways to reduce deformation of foundation pit or set up a retaining wall in foundation pit and between buildings to prevent pit propagation path and influence between building foundation.

(4) the step-by-step construction can reduce the influence on adjacent buildings, but the construction is greatly influenced by the level of the underground continuous wall displacement, the influence of the remaining small, negligible, step by step construction is the most important thing will be to minimize the disturbance of soil foundation pit, the best thing is by excavation and support, in addition, the distance from foundation pit is the main factors influencing the building, has the geological conditions, foundation pit excavation will try to avoid too close to the building.

Key words: Additional layer excavation; Foundation settlement; Internal structural forces; Structural deformation; Supporting structure

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 地下车站增层开挖对临近建筑结构影响研究现状 1

1.2.1 地下车站增层开挖对临近高层建筑影响的研究 1

1.2.2 地下车站增层开挖对临近隧道的影响研究 5

1.3 地下车站增层开挖对临近建筑结构影响的分析方法 8

1.4 基坑开挖的变形规律 8