摘 要

随着我国城市化进程高速发展，高速公路隧道建设的技术水平也不断地得到提升。在施工技术、施工条件不断得到改善的今天，合理的施工组织设计也显得越来越重要。本文采用的是传统施工方式和新型施工方式相结合的施工措施，表现为IV、V级围岩段施工采用传统人工配合机械开挖，而II、III级围岩采用电脑凿岩台车开挖。之所以这样选择，也是考虑到目前中国的技术实力现状，在围岩性质较好的II、III级围岩段使用电脑凿岩台车开挖，其风险更小，成功率更高，但会在一定程度上增加施工成本。本次隧道施工为了赶上国际隧道施工技术的潮流，选择了新奥法的施工方案，与传统的矿山法施工相比，在各技术方面尤其是施工监测方面提出了更高的要求。

对于本次的隧道施工组织设计的要求，要做到以下几点：（1）施工质量优秀，隧道结构具有良好的适用性和耐久性；（2）施工工期合理，尽量减短消耗的工作时间；（3）施工安全性高，将施工风险控制在可控范围之内，使参与施工人员的人身安全得到保障；（4）机械配比合理，包括机型选用合理，国产与进口比例合理。

良好的施工组织设计将会带来巨大的经济效益甚至是社会效益，本为旨在研究短隧道的快速施工，为以后自身在隧道组织学习甚至是整个土木工程施工组织学习方面提供更多理论依据。

关键词：高速公路隧道 施工组织设计 电脑凿岩台车 新奥法

Highway Tunnel Construction Organization

Abstract

Along with the development of China’s urbanization. The technology of tunnel-construction is been improving day by day. As the improvement of construction-tech, the vole of construction organization had become more and more important. I want put weight on the combination of traditional ways of construction and high-tech ways of construction. It represents as ‘ Face to the county rock in IV and V levels, we tend to chose manual excavation cooperating with mechanical excavation. However, we prefer to use the technology of Computer Drilling Jumbo(CDJ) to push on the excavating work in II and III levels county rock. We chose such way by taking the fact of China’s tech level into account. What’s more, it’s obvious that the risk of CDJ excavation will be pushed down in the county rock which is more stable. However, it may increase the cost.

In sake of the global tunnel-construction tendency, we concern with using the tech named” New Austrian Tunnelling Method”,which is more advanced than the

Mining method. Moreover, it will also upgrade requirement in many respects, especially the respect of construction monitoring.

As for my tunneling construction, I should put my effort into such points:(1) Making the tunneling keeping a great quality in its’ working-time; (2)Reducing the time we will consume; (3) Having a High safety in construction, taking the risk into control, which can promise the constructors’ life-safety; (4) Making a reasonable machine-using plan, trying to choose the machine both made in China and imported.

Great construction organization will bring us admirable economic benefits even the awesome social benefits. I intend to research the way of fast-construction in the respect of short tunnels. I wish the process will improve my acknowledges of tunnel-construction, or even the whole civil engineering construction.

Key Words: Highway Tunnel Construction Organization CDJ New Austrian Tunnelling Method

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 国内外研现状 2

1.2.1 国外研究现状 2

1.2.2 国内研究现状……………………………………………………..………………….4

1.3 论文研究内容………………………………………………………………………...…..11

1.3.1 目前存在问题…………………………………………………………………….….11

1.3.2 论文研究意义………………………………………………………………………..12

1.3.3 论文书写思路………………………………………………………………………..12

2 隧道施工组织概况……………………………………………………….................................14

2.1 实际工程概况………………………………………………………………………….…14

2.2 工程地质情况……………………………………………………………………….……14

2.3 施工中要考虑的因素….……………………………………………………...................15

2.4 隧道工程量计算…………………………………………………………….………...…16

2.4.1 工程量计算细则………………………………………………………………….….16

2.4.2 工程数量表……………………………………………………………………..……18

2.5 施工机械表……………………………………………………………………………….18

3 施工工艺及流程…………………………………………………………….......................…..20

3.1 总施工方案选定……………………………………………………………………...….20

3.2 明洞施工方案…………………………………………………………………………....20

3.2.1 仰坡开挖…………………………………………………………………………..…20

3.2.2 明洞开挖方案……………………………………………………………………..…21

3.2.3 明洞衬砌…………………………………………………………………………..…21

3.2.4 明洞回填…….…………………………………………………………………........22

3.2.5 洞口段施工工序流程………………………………………………………….…….22

3.3 洞身工程……………………………………………………………………………….…23

3.3.1 洞身开挖方案………………………………………………………………………..23

3.3.2 V级围岩开挖方法与工艺…………………………………………………………..23

3.3.3 IV级围岩开挖方法与工艺….………………………………………………………24

3.3.4 II级与III级围岩开挖方法与工艺…………………………………………………24

3.4 辅助措施……………………………………………………………………………….…26

3.4.1 套拱施工……………………………………………………………………………..26

3.4.2 大管棚施工…………………………………………………………………………..26

3.4.3 超前小导管施工……………………………………………………………………..28

3.4.4 超前锚杆……………………………………………………………………………..29

3.5 钻爆设计………………………………………………………………………………….30

3.5.1 IV级围岩钻爆设计………………………………………………………………….30

3.5.2 II级和III级围岩钻爆设计……………………………………………………….…31

3.6 初期支护………………………………………………………………………………….33

3.6.1 混凝土喷射工艺……………………………………………………………………..33